U-ivyuma bimanikwa impeta zikozwe mu cuma nk'ikintu c'ishimikiro, biciye mu guhingura neza no gukomeza. Igishushanyo kigabanywemwo ubwoko bw'uruzitiro rwugarijwe-n'uruzitiro rw'igice -uruzitiro rwugarijwe-. Mu gihe zikoreshwa, zifise ibiranga ugushikama kw’imiterere, ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibidukikije, n’umutekano mwinshi. Ego ni ko, ivyo bintu ntibishobora gutandukanywa n’uguhitamwo ibikoresho. Aha hepfo, tuzobabwira ibikoresho bikunze gutorwa mu gihe co gukora.
Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba: Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba ni nk’ibice 0,12%-0,45%, ubukomezi bwo gukomera ni 400MPa-600MPa, ubukomezi bwo gukura ni 235MPa-355MPa. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu guterura ibintu bifise ubunini buringaniye. Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba birahenda cane kandi birakomeye cane mu vy’ubuhinga, ni co gituma ari ikintu gifise agaciro kanini cane mu vyoherezwa hanze mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga, kikaba gifise ibice birenga ica kabiri c’ivyoherezwa hanze vyose.
Ivyuma bitagira ibara: Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ivyuma bitagira ibara, harimwo 304, 316, na 316L. Uvuye ku bijanye n’igiciro, abakoresha akenshi bahitamwo ivyuma bitagira ibara 304, birimwo 18% vya chromium na 8% vya nickel, bifise ubushobozi bwo gukomera Burengeye canke bungana na 515MPa, bishobora guhangana n’ubumara bukomeye, kandi bibereye ahantu hari ubukonje n’ubukonje bukeyi. Ahanini irungikwa muri Aziya y’amajepfo no mu Buraya bwo mu gihugu hagati,316 ivyuma bitagira ibara bishingiye kuri 304 vyongeweko molybdène, ivyo bikaba bituma bishobora guhangana n’umunyu n’ugusenyuka kw’imiti ku rugero rurenga 50%. Irabereye gukoreshwa mu mazi, ku nkengera y’ikiyaga no mu bikoresho vy’imiti kandi irungikwa mu bihugu vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga vyo mu Buraya, muri Amerika, muri Ostraliya no mu Buseruko bwo Hagati.
Ivyuma bivanze: Ivyuma vyavyo birarushirizwa n’ibintu bivanze. Ifise inkomezi z’ugukomera zirengeye canke zingana na 800MPa, inguvu z’ugukura zirengeye canke zingana na 650MPa, irashobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi kuva kuri -40 degrees gushika kuri 300 degrees , irafise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’urushe rwiza, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu mitwaro ikaze cane.
Gukoresha impeta y’icuma ifise ishusho ya U-mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi ni ikintu gikenewe kw’isi yose. Kubera ko ari vyo bihuza imirongo y’amakuru n’imirongo y’itumanaho, bikora ibikorwa nyamukuru bitatu: gufatanya ivyuma bizibira umuriro, gufatanya ibikoresho vy’umunara be n’uguhagarika intsinga. Cane cane mu mirongo y’ugutanga umuriro w’umuriro mwinshi, ibizingiti vy’uguterura bikomeye, bikoreshwa hamwe n’imirongo y’ibikingira umuriro n’iminara, bifasha gutanga umuriro w’umuriro mwinshi. Kubera ko zifise umuzigo ugereranijwe n’ibice 69kN-200kN, zitegerezwa kuba zihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako mpuzamakungu zijanye n’ugushiramwo amashanyarazi nka IEC 61466 na GB 2314. Zimaze gushitsa ingingo ngenderwako zo gushora hanze y’ibihugu bitandukanye, zirashobora gukoreshwa cane.
Ku bakiriya b'ubudandaji bw'amahanga canke abakoresha bariko barakoresha impeta y'icuma ifise ishusho ya U-ku ncuro ya mbere, bararushiriza kwitwararika ingene boyibungabunga no kuyibungabunga mu gihe kirekire-ikoreshwa. Iyo ubuzima bw’ico kintu bushobora kwongerwa biciye mu kuvyitaho no kuvyitaho, ivyo bikaba bigabanya amahera yo gushiramwo amahera, vyoba ari vyiza cane.
Ubuyobozi bw'umuzigo
Umuzigo ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu gihe co gukoresha. Abakoresha benshi baribaza nimba umuzigo uzohinduka uko tuwukoresha. Nkako, dukwiye kwirinda gukoresha ibintu birenze urugero igihe turiko turabikoresha. Gutwara ibintu birenze urugero birashobora gutuma ivyuma bihinduka ubusa bigaca bimenagurika, canecane igihe ivyo bihimba bifatanye mu buryo bukurikirana. Tubwirizwa kumenya neza ko umuzigo ugabanywa mu buryo buringaniye.
Gusuzuma ubudasiba
Gusuzuma ni vyo vyonyene bishobora kumenya ingorane. Mu gihe c'ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire-, ni vyiza gusuzuma buri mezi 3. Mu gusuzuma hakwiye kuba harimwo nimba umubiri nyamukuru ugoramye canke wasadutse, be n’uko amapine n’amabouti bipfutse canke vyacitse. Ibice bipfutse bikwiye gukomezwa mu gihe, ibihimba bifise ubumuga na vyo bikwiye gusubirwamwo mu gihe. Ntuyikoreshe iyo idahuye n’ibisabwa.
Gusukura no kwitaho
Uko umuntu yosukura bivana n’ibidukikije. Nk’akarorero, mu kibanza c’umye, uhanagure inkungugu iri hejuru n’igitambaro c’umye. Ntukoreshe igitambaro gitose canke ibintu vyo gusukura bishobora gutera uburozi. Ku bidukikije vyo mu kiyaga, ushobora guhanagura amazi meza, hanyuma ugahanagura. Siga amavuta arwanya-umugese kugira ngo akomeze guhangana n’ugusenyuka.
Ibisabwa mu kubika
Aho kubika hakwiye kuba humye, harimwo umwuka kandi hakanye, hakirinda ubukonje, umuco w’izuba utaziguye, n’ugusenyuka kw’ibintu bifise aside canke alkali. Niba hariho impeta y’ivyuma imanitse ifise ishusho ya U-y’ibikoresho bitandukanye, ikwiye kubikwa ukwayo. Igihe uriko urateranya, wirinde kurenga metero 1,5, kuko uburebure burengeje urugero bushobora gutuma umuntu ahinduka iyo afise umukazo mwinshi.
Ivyangombwa vyo gusubirira
Abakoresha benshi barafise iki kibazo: Ni mu bihe ibihe impeta yo guterura ikwiye gusubirwamwo? Nk’akarorero, iyo umubiri ufise imivyimba n’uguhinduka kw’impuzu, ahantu hari umugese wo ku ruhande harengeye 30%, igipfukisho kikaba caracitse ahantu hanini, kandi amapine n’amabouti bikaba birekuye kandi bidashobora gukomezwa, rero bitegerezwa gusubirwamwo.
Gutorera umuti ingorane
Iyo habaye ikintu kibi mu gihe co gukoresha ariko igikoresho kikaba gishobora gukoreshwa inyuma yo gusuzuma, rero turakeneye gutorera umuti iyo ngorane. Inyuma y’aho ikintu kidasanzwe kibaye, dukwiye guhagarika gukoresha ico gikoresho ubwo nyene maze tukagenzura nimba umuzigo urenze, nimba ukuntu gishizweho ari co kibereye, canke tukakisubiriza ikintu gibereye imbere y’uko tugikoresha.
Imisoro ishushe: u-impeto y'icuma ifise ishusho, Ubushinwa u-impeto y'icuma ifise ishusho abahinguzi, abagurisha, uruganda
