Ivyuma vy’ingǒgo vy’ugumanika ni ibikoresho bihambaye cane vyo gufatanya umuzigo mu mirongo y’ugutanga amakuru, bikora ibikorwa nyamukuru nk’uguhagarika umugozi w’ivyuma bifatanya, gushiramwo ivyuma vyinshi, gutanga umuzigo w’umuvuduko, n’ugushiramwo umunara Naho ubuhinga bw’isahani y’ingǒgo busa n’ubworoshe, utunenge turi muri ivyo vyose bikurikira-ubukomezi bw’ibikoresho, ukuri kw’ingero, uburyo bwo gutera ivyuma, imiterere y’ubuhinga, n’ugusangira kw’imibabaro-bishobora gutuma bimenagurika, bivaho, biva mu corona, bitsitara umurongo, canke mbere umunara ugasenyuka. Ku bw’ivyo, kugenzura uburyo mu gihe c’uguhingura ni ikintu gihambaye cane.
Gucungera uburyo bw’amasahani y’ingǒgo bikwiye gushira imbere ukwikingira kuruta gusuzuma. Ivyago vy’uburyo bikwiye kugenzurwa bivuye ku nzira y’ibikoresho vya mbere, bikagabanya amakosa y’abantu biciye mu guhuza uburyo, guhuza ibipimo, no gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga, ata kwizigira isuzuma rya nyuma kugira ngo umuntu ahitemwo ibintu bibereye. Ibimenyetso nyamukuru nk’uburebure bw’imyobo, uburebure bw’imyobo, uburinganire, uburebure bw’igice c’ivyuma, n’umuzigo wo gusenya w’amasahani bikwiye gusuzumwa igice ku kindi kugira ngo hakurweho ingorane zose zishobora gutera umutekano. Ugukurikirana kw’uruzitiro rwuzuye-gukwiye gushikwako kuva ku mubare w’ifuru y’amasahani y’icuma, igice, ibikoresho vyo gutunganya, abakoresha, n’amakuru y’isuzuma gushika ku gutanga igicuruzwa giheza. Ivyo rero tuzobimenyesha mu buryo burambuye:
Igikoresho nyamukuru c’isahani y’ingǒgo y’ugumanika akenshi ni ivyuma vy’imibumbe bikomeye cane nk’ivyo bita Q355, Q420, S355JR, na A572 Gr50, mu gihe ibintu bimwebimwe bikomeye bikoresha ibihimba vy’ivyuma bicuzwe. Ubwiza bw’ibikoresho vya mbere ni ngirakamaro ku bijanye n’inkomezi n’ubuzima bw’isahani y’ingǒgo, kandi ugusuzuma gukomeye kw’ibinjira bitegerezwa gushirwa mu ngiro. Icemezo c’ibikoresho vy’insyo y’icuma, inomero y’ifuru, imiti irimwo be n’imiterere y’ivyuma birasuzumwa. Igikoresho co gupima umuco w’ivyuma gisomwa mu buryo butaziguye-gikoreshwa mu gufata ivyerekanwa vy’umugwi wose w’ibipande vy’icuma kugira ngo bemeze ko ivyuma bingana na carbone n’ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane bitarengeye ingingo mfatirwako, bikaba birinda gusubirira ivyuma bikomeye cane n’ivyuma bikomeye cane. Ivyitegererezo biva muri buri rwego bifatwa kugira ngo bigeragezwe uburemere, bigeragezwe gukomera mu buryo bukonje, n’ibigeragezo vy’ugukomera kugira ngo bimenyekane ko uburemere bw’umusaruro Re Burengeye canke bungana na 355MPa, uburemere bw’uburemere Rm 470-630MPa, uburebure bw’inguvu inyuma y’uguca A Burengeye canke bungana na Akqu4, -40 degre . Igipande c’icuma kirasuzumwa ko ata n’imwe isaduka, ko ata n’imwe imeneka, ko ata n’imwe ifise ivyuma vy’umuriro birenze urugero, ko ata n’imwe ifise umugese be n’uko ata n’imwe ifise imirongo; ukwihanganira uburebure buragenzurwa mu ±0.3mm; kandi uburebure n’ubwaguke bihuye n’ivyo gupfuka.
Amasahani y’ingǒgo y’ugumanika akenshi aratemwa hakoreshejwe ugucapura kw’urubeya rwa CNC, ugucapura kwa plasma, canke ugucapura kwa laser. Uburyo bwo gupfuka bugira ico bukoze ata guca ku ruhande ku bijanye n’ivyo gukoresha imashini n’ukuntu bisa. Imbere yo gukata, porogarama ya CNC, ingero z’igishushanyo, n’imirongo y’imyobo birasuzumwa kabiri-kugira ngo ntihagire ibisigazwa vy’ibice biva ku makosa ya porogarama. Ivyiza vyo guca biragenzurwa, n’ukwihangana kw’ingero kwa ±0.5mm, ikosa ry’uburinganire Riri munsi canke ringana na 0.5mm/m, nta bihengeri bigaragara, imirongo yasenyutse, canke ubushuhe burengeje urugero, kandi uburemere bw’aho umuntu akata poros burahuye n’ingingo mfatirwako, ata n’imivyimba, nta n’imirongo y’amazi n’imibabaro y’amazi. Igitero cose c’ibipande vy’ubusa gishirwako ikimenyetso c’inomero y’igice c’ifuru, ikigereranyo, n’inomero y’igice kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukurikirana. Abagenzuzi b’uburyo bakora isuzuma rya mbere- ry’igice, isuzuma ryo hagati, n’isuzuma rya nyuma ku gice cose, bagandika ingero, ukuntu bisa, n’uburyo bwo gukata. Ibice bifise ubushobozi ni vyo vyonyene vyemewe gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ugukora imashini.
Ivyo bikoresho ni uburyo buhambaye bwo kumenya neza ko ugushiraho ibintu bimeze neza, bishobora guhindurwa, kandi ko umubabaro w’Igikoresho co Gumanika ugabanywa mu buryo bumwe. Ahanini birimwo gutera ibipfunsi, gutobora, gutobora, gutobora no gusesa. Ivyobo vy’amahinguriro n’ivyobo bifatanya bikoreshwa n’imashini bishingiye ku kwihanganira kwa H12, n’amakosa y’uburebure bw’imyobo agenzurwa hagati ya 0 na +0.2mm kugira ngo bishobore gukorana neza n’imitwe y’umupira, amasahani yo gushiramwo, amasahani yo gushiramwo UB, n’ibipimo. Ikosa ry’urugendo hagati y’imyobo ni rito canke ringana na ±0.3mm, kandi uburinganire bw’imyobo, uburinganire, n’uburinganire bw’imyobo biragenzurwa cane kugira ngo ntihagire umubabaro utaringaniye ku mirongo y’ivyuma bibiri/vyinshi. Igitigiri cose c’amasahani kiri munsi canke kingana na 0,5mm/m kugira ngo ntihagire imitwaro itaringaniye yo gushiramwo n’imibabaro myinshi y’aho hantu bitewe n’uguhinduka n’uguhinduka. Inkuta z’imyobo ntizigira imirongo, intambwe, n’ibipfunsi kugira ngo umuntu yirinde kwibanda ku ngorane n’ingorane za corona. Ivyo vyose bikoresha imashini zitera ibipfunsi za CNC be n’ibibanza vy’ugutera ibipfunsi kugira ngo bibe bihuye. Ibikoresho birasubirizwa ubudasiba, kandi ibipimo vy’indishi biragereranywa mu gihe nyaco kugira ngo ntihagire uguhinduka kw’ingero. 100% isuzuma ry’ingero rikorwa ku myobo miremire, imyobo idasanzwe, n’imirongo y’imyobo igoye ifise amasahani menshi-ahuza.
Hot-dip galvanizing ni umurongo w’ubuzima ku masahani y’ingǒgo akoreshwa hanze mu kiringo kirekire, cane cane mu bidukikije bifise umunyu, ubuhumane bw’inganda, ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubukonje, n’imishwarara y’izuba mu turere two ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, aho uburyo bwo gutera ivyuma bushobora guhangana n’ubuzima. Gukuraho neza umugese n’ibisigazwa ni ikintu gihambaye cane, kwirinda gukoresha aside nyinshi cane canke idahagije kugira ngo ntihagire umugese ushobora gusenyuka canke gukuraho umugese udashitse. Kubungabunga ivyiyumviro bikomeye vy’amazi, ubushuhe, n’igihe co kwibiza bituma igipfukisho ca zinc gifatanya neza, bikabuza ahantu habura n’ugusenyuka. Gucungera ubushuhe bukomeye hagati ya degre 450 na degre 480 ni ngombwa; ubushuhe buri hasi cane butuma ivyuma bipfukwa bike kandi ntibifata neza, mu gihe ubushuhe buri hejuru cane butuma ivyuma bimera nk’intete zikomeye kandi bigatuma ivyuma bikomera cane. Ivyo bitegerezwa guhindurwa bivanye n’uburebure bw’isahani be n’ingero zayo kugira ngo imbere n’inyuma bibe bimwe. Uguhinduka gutoyi kw’ubushuhe gushobora kubaho mu gipande c’icuma mu gihe co gutera ivyuma, bisaba gukosorwa kugira ngo ibipimo vya nyuma n’ukwihanganira bihure n’ingingo mfatirwako. Igikoresho co gukosora gikoreshwa n’amazi; gutera inyundo ku nguvu birabujijwe cane kugira ngo umuntu ntiyononekare imbere mu mutima. Inyuma yo gukosora, uburinganire, uburebure, n’aho imyobo iri birasubirwamwo, kugira ngo haboneke ko ata mivyimba, imyobo canke ivyononekaye vy’ivyombo bigaragara.
