Ivyuma vy’ingǒgo vy’umuyagankuba bikoreshwa canecane kugira ngo ibihimba nyamukuru nk’imirongo y’ibikingira umuyagankuba, ibikoresho bijana umuyagankuba, iminara, n’ibifatanya umuyagankuba mu mirongo y’umuyagankuba yo hejuru, mu bibanza bikoreshwa mu gukoresha umuyagankuba, no mu bikoresho bishasha vy’umuyagankuba bigumye bimeze neza. Bishobora gufatwa nk’ikiraro co gutuma ubushobozi bugenda neza, bushikamye kandi bukora neza. Mu bihe bikomeye vy’ibikorwa vy’inganda z’amashanyarazi, zishobora gukoreshwa ku mirongo y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 110kV-1000kV no hejuru, amashanyarazi menshi cane-, n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi menshi cane. Mu gihe c’uguhingura, zaraciye mu vyemezo vyinshi vyemewe mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi kw’isi yose, zihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako z’ubuhinga mpuzamakungu, kandi zirungikwa mu bihugu vyinshi no mu turere two mu Buraya, muri Amerika, muri Aziya y’amajepfo, mu Buseruko bwo Hagati no muri Afirika.
Mu nzira yo gukora, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba vy’umuyagankuba, ni ukuvuga Q235B na Q345B, ni vyo akenshi bikundwa ku masahani y’ingǒgo y’umuyagankuba. Ivyo bikoresho birafise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukora, bikaba bituma bishobora gukomera cane canke bingana na 345MPa, n’ubushobozi bwo gukomera burengeye canke bungana na 510MPa. Ikindi, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba birafise igiciro gitoyi, ivyo bikaba bishobora gutuma igicuruzwa gikora neza. Ni co kintu c’ishimikiro gikoreshwa cane kw’isi yose.
Dufatiye ku gishushanyo, turashobora kubona ko igipande c’ingǒgo c’umuyagankuba gifise ubuhinga bw’inkomoko zitatu zifise amaguru angana. Iyi mibumbe ifata ibice birenga 60% vy’ikoreshwa ry’isoko ry’isi yose. Ivyo binogo bitunganijwe mu buryo buringaniye kugira ngo bigabanye imizigo y’uburemere bw’umurongozi ubwiwe, ivy’urubura, inguvu z’umuyaga, n’ibindi, kandi birashobora gutuma habaho umutekano mwinshi mu bihe vy’akazi bikomeye cane.
Amasahani y’ingǒgo y’umuyagankuba arashobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’ubwubatsi bw’amashanyarazi kw’isi yose, cane cane mu mirongo y’amashanyarazi y’inguvu nyinshi, y’inguvu nyinshi cane, n’iy’inguvu nyinshi cane, aho yakoreshejwe cane. Nk’akarorero, imirongo y’amashanyarazi ijabuka-imipaka muri Aziya y’amajepfo n’ubwubatsi bw’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’inguvu nyinshi cane muri Afirika vyose bikoresha ubwo bwoko bw’isahani y’ingǒgo. Ikoreshwa mu gushiramwo ivyuma bijana umuriro ku mashami y’ivyuma bijana umuriro canke, ifatanijwe n’ibifatanya n’ibindi bikoresho ku mpera y’umurongo, mu gushiramwo ivyuma bijana umuriro ku minara, kwikorera umuvuduko uri ku mpera y’umurongo, no gukingira kurekura no kugwa.
Imirongo y’amashanyarazi yo mu turere two ku nkengera y’ikiyaga canke mu bibanza vy’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa n’umuyaga wo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga ikozwe mu cuma kitagira ibara cashushe kandi gifise ivyuma vy’agaciro kugira ngo ntihagire umunyu w’amazi yo mu kiyaga ushobora gusenyuka, gutyo bikaba bituma imara igihe kirekire. Ku mirongo y’ugutanga amakuru iri mu bibanza vy’uburebure burengeye canke mu bice bikonja, ivyuma vy’ubushuhe buke-bishobora gutorwa kugira ngo ntibibe bimeneka mu bushuhe buke.
Kubera ivyiza vyayo vy’ubukomezi bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubumara bumara igihe kirekire, n’ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu bitandukanye, hamwe n’ibikorwa vyo guhindura ibintu, amasahani y’ingǒgo y’amashanyarazi yacitse igikoresho nyamukuru c’ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi kw’isi yose. Mu bijanye no kwohereza ibintu hanze vyose, turafise kandi ivyiza bikurikira:
Inyungu zo guhiganwa
Ugereranije n’ibindi bimenyetso vy’i Buraya n’i Amerika, igiciro kiri hasi 20%-30% kubera ubushobozi n’uburyo bumwe, kandi birashigikira n’ibikorwa bihuye n’ivyo umuntu akeneye, bitanga umuti wuzuye wo guhingura n’ugutanga ibiciro kugira ngo bihure n’ivyo amasoko yo mu mahanga akeneye;
Uguhindura ubucuruzi
Dukoresha ibikoresho vy’ugushora hanze-vyihariye bishobora gukingira ubukonje-, gukingira uburozi-, n’ugutomboka-, bifise amasandugu y’amakarata n’impuzu y’ipampa y’amasaro kugira ngo ibintu bitwarwe ata co vyononekaye. Turatanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gutwara abantu, harimwo gutwara ibintu mu kiyaga, gutwara ibintu mu kirere, no kubishikana vyihuse, kugira ngo bishikirizwe ababikoresha vyihuse.
Infashanyo
Sosiyete yacu ifise umugwi w’abaguzi bavuga indimi nyinshi utanga ubufasha bumwe-ku-umwe kugira ngo utore umuti intambamyi mu guhanahana amakuru hagati y’imipaka. Turatanga ibitabu vy’abakoresha, impapuro z’ubuhinga, ubuyobozi bwo gushiramwo, n’amakode ya duwane mu ndimi zo mu karere kugira ngo bishobore kworohereza abakiriya bacu gusohoka, kugurisha no gukoresha.
Ivyo bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi bifise intumbero yo guhura neza n’ivyo umuntu akeneye vy’ingero zitandukanye z’amashanyarazi, ivy’ugushiraho, n’ibidukikije bikomeye cane. Kuva ku gutangaza ivyifuzo gushika ku gutanga ivya nyuma, turabona ko ibintu bishobora guhindurwa, bifise umutekano, kandi bikaba bishobora gushikana neza.
Gutanga ibisabwa
Amakuru y’ingenzi ategerezwa gutangwa mu buryo butomoye, harimwo urugero rw’umuriro rukenewe, ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa, ibintu vyo gufatanya, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umubabaro, guhitamwo imiterere, ibipimo vy’imyobo, ingano z’umubiri nyamukuru, n’uguhuza kw’ugushiraho. Ku bijanye no guhitamwo ivyuma vyo gukoresha, gusukura ivyuma vyo ku ruhande, n’uburyo budasanzwe, bikwiye guhura n’ivyo vy’ukuri bikenewe. Igitigiri c’amategeko n’ingendo yo kubishikana na vyo nyene bikwiye kumenyeshwa.
01
Kwemeza umuti
Hashingiwe ku vyo uwukoresha akeneye, ukuntu imyobo iteye, ukuntu isahani iteye, n’ukuntu imbavu zikomeza ziteguwe, vyose vyateguwe kugira ngo inguvu zibe ziringaniye kandi ntihagire umubabaro uhagaze. Igishushanyo c’ubuhinga bwa 3D n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa 2D biraremwa kugira ngo bisobanure neza nk’ibimenyetso vy’aho ivyuma bishirwa n’imitwaro igereranijwe. Ivyerekeye uburyo bwo gusukura ku ruhande na vyo nyene biratomorwa kugira ngo bimenyekane ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka buhuye n’ingingo mfatirwako.
02
Uguhingura akarorero
Ivyo bigereranyo bikoreshwa n’ibikoresho vyo gukora ivyuma no gutera ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa CNC, kandi ivyobo bikoreshwa n’imashini y’ubuhinga bwa CNC. Ivyo kwihanganira ingero biragenzurwa cane. Ivyo bipimo birashirwako galvanisé hanyuma bikafumbishwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwategekanijwe kugira ngo ntihagire utunenge nk’ugutakaza ivyuma, guvyimba canke gusenyuka. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri birazunguruka, inkuta z’ivyo binogo ziraryoha, kandi ibimenyetso biracapwa kugira ngo ivyo bipimo bihure n’ingingo mfatirwako zo gukora ibintu vyinshi.
03
Gusuzuma igicuruzwa giheza
Koresha imashini yo gupima amabara kugira ngo usuzume ingero z’ingenzi nk’uburebure bw’imyobo, ikibanza c’imyobo, n’uburebure bw’isahani kugira ngo umenye neza ko vyubahiriza ibisabwa mu gushushanya. Gukora igerageza ry'ubukomezi bw'ugukomera, igerageza ry'ingaruka, n'igerageza ry'umunyu. Suzuma ko igipande c’ibara ry’agahama gihuye, ko ahantu haco hameze neza, ko ata n’ibipfunsi birimwo, be n’uko hariho ibimenyetso bigaragara. Tanga raporo yuzuye y’isuzuma. Ku bakiriya b’ubudandaji bw’amahanga, raporo y’igenzura ry’icongereza na yo nyene izotangwa.
04
Imisoro ishushe: isahani y'ingǒgo y'umuyagankuba, Ubushinwa isahani y'ingǒgo y'umuyagankuba abahinguzi, abagurisha, uruganda
